What is 3D Printer? How does it work? And their types, any examples of 3D printer.

 3D PRINTER:

(22/oct/2022)

What is 3D Printer?

What is 3D Printing?

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file.

The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced cross-section of the object.

3D printing is the opposite of subtractive manufacturing which is cutting out / hollowing out a piece of metal or plastic with for instance a milling machine.

3D printing enables you to produce complex shapes using less material than traditional manufacturing methods.

HOW DOES IT WORKS?

How does it work?

3D printers are related to additive manufacturing. 3D printers use computer-aided design to understand a design. When a design is ready, a material that can be dispensed through a hot nozzle or precision tool is printed layer by layer to create a three-dimensional object from scratch.

3D printing is part of the additive manufacturing family and uses similar methods to a traditional inkjet printer — albeit in 3D. Additive manufacturing describes the process of creating something in layers, adding material continuously until the final design is complete. This term most often refers to molding and 3D printing. 

It takes a combination of top-of-the-line software, powder-like materials and precision tools to create a three-dimensional object from scratch.

TYPES OF 3D PRINTER

There are different types of 3D printers depending on the size, detail and scope of a project. Each different type of printer will very slightly on how an object gets printed.

What are the types of 3D Printer?

1. Stereolithography (SLA)

Stereolithography – more commonly referred to as SLA 3D printing – is one of the most popular and widespread techniques in the world of additive manufacturing. It works by using a high-powered laser to harden liquid resin that is contained in a reservoir to create the desired 3D shape. In a nutshell, this process converts photosensitive liquid into 3D solid plastics in a layer-by-layer fashion using a low-power laser and photopolymerization.

SLA is one of three primary technologies adopted in 3D printing, together with fused deposition modeling (FDM) and selective laser sintering (SLS). It belongs to the resin 3D printing category. A similar technique that is usually grouped with SLA is called digital light processing (DLP). It represents a sort of evolution of the SLA process, using a projector screen instead of a laser.

Stereolithography (SLA)

       2. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is an additive manufacturing (AM) process within the realm of material extrusion. FDM builds parts layer by layer by selectively depositing melted material in a predetermined path and uses thermoplastic polymers that come in the form of filaments. 
Composing the largest installed base of desktop and industrial-grade 3D printers worldwide, FDM is the most widely used technology and likely the first process you think of when 3D printing comes up.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

   3. PolyJet

PolyJet technology is renowned for its outstanding realism and breathtaking aesthetics. The technology works similarly to traditional inkjet printing, but instead of jetting ink onto paper, a print head jets liquid photopolymers onto a build tray where each droplet cures in a flash of UV light.

Every PolyJet 3D Printer offers sharp precision, smooth surfaces and ultra-fine details. And, by combining a variety of photopolymers in specific concentrations and microstructures the most sophisticated PolyJet systems can simulate everything from plastics and rubber to human tissue — and produce a full gamut of colors. You can now create prototypes, models, textures, and patterns that are incredibly detailed and with 1000s of material options to choose from you can incorporate diverse material properties and aesthetics.

PolyJet

   

  3. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a common 3D printing or additive manufacturing technique that is also referred to as selective laser melting (SLM). In this process, each layer of a part is created by aiming a laser at the powder bed in specific points in space, guided by a digitally produced CAD (computer-aided design) file. Once a layer is printed, the machine spreads more powder over the part and repeats the process. The process is ideal for printing precise, high-resolution parts with complex geometries. DMLS machines use a laser to heat the particulate matter to its melting point in a digital process that eliminates the need for physical molds. The resulting parts are accurate, have excellent surface quality and near-wrought mechanical properties.

DMLS printers are recommended when you want to print a limited number of industrial items that are otherwise difficult or impossible to fabricate because of hollow spaces, undercuts, challenging angles, and other complexities. DMLS is ideal for low-volume parts and when you want to avoid the time and expense of creating a tooling. DMLS parts can be stored digitally and printed on demand, which reduces inventory costs and increases design flexibility.

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)

EXAMPLES OF 3D PRINTER

What are the examples of 3D printer?

Here are some examples of 3D Printer:

1. Prosthetic Limbs & Body Parts

 

 2. Food

 3. Manufacturing

PROBLEM:

Illiteracy Problem: 

The literacy rate in Pakistan is 60%. It means that 40% people are illiterate. In rural areas, people are un-educated because they are in pursuance of their livelihood instead of getting education in schools. Resultantly, our country is slow towards progress. Illiterate people do not know how to react on things. They are always rude towards others. The most common cause of illiteracy is our agriculture-based environment in which education is not considered a priority. There is no job for un-educated people. That is why the crime ratio is high in our society due to illiteracy. Rural people face problems for employment because they are totally un-educated.

Causes of illiteracy:

I. Culture: 

The most common cause of illiteracy is our traditional culture based on pure agricultural, profession in which education is not considered to be a foundation of life. Mostly, the cultivators have been illiterate people throughout centuries in the history of our social life. It was considered that. if a boy become highly educated, he will become useless for the farms. it means cultivation of land and education is considered opposite concepts in our agrarian society.

ii. Conservative Approach: 

Illiteracy rate is higher among women than men. It is evident from the fact that most of the women are illiterate in rural areas. The people of rural areas dislike women to be employed in any government or private office. A woman is preferred to be a good wife, a good mother and a good daughter, if she works within the family.

iii. Illiterate Parents: 

Most of the parents are illiterate that is why they do not like to send their children to schools specially the daughters. In urban areas this percentage of illiteracy is also higher among the women than that of men. The cultural value of Pakistani society dominates both in rural and urban areas to restrict the women within the boundary of the house.

Solution:

I. Awareness about Problem: 

To bring these illiterate people into the lines of progress, advancement and change it is necessary to aware them about problems and consequences of illiteracy as their problem. They Should be provided information through mass media of communication and general social contact with the educated people about impacts of illiteracy.

ii. Attitude Change: 

Illiterate people can be drained into channel of progressive people with attitude change through Showing movies, lectures by officers and programs of literacy on radio and television. These people can be given incentive of prize, if they take classes of literacy in the union council offices or schools of the Village.

iii. Literacy Programs:

The literacy program includes teaching the basic Subject the language of the people, English, Urdu or whatever they like. This work can be done by Other educated young men of the rural area on voluntary basis. The building is available as school, hospital office and even the mosque of the area.

iv. Free Educational Items: 

Those people who attend to this literacy program can be provided stationery and books free of cost. The time of teaching and learning can be fixed in the evening of the completion of their work. Four to six weeks teaching is sufficient to make them literate as to read and write the basic things of their need. This can be continued up to another two to three weeks at their homes on their interest.

v. Increase the Importance of Education: 

The people who are illiterate say that what is the use of this literacy and education for us because we are in the last stage of our age. Our argument is based on the fact that their literacy will be helpful to educate their children. They will feel importance of education and will educate their children at any cost Those young men who are quite illiterate are wasting their costly time of life without less output of their works whether it may be in farms. The literate people can utilize new techniques of agriculture with better results. A revolution can be brought up in rural economy and social life if literacy percentage rises at the level of urban area. They Will be able to provide better life and good sanitation and health occasion within their household life.

vi. Change the Mindset:

It is the mind, which changes first and then it brings changes in the total of social life. change of mind is the change of general social life. And the mind cannot be changed until the education is not given to the people. Education is the injection of change and progress. The use of radio, television”, newspapers and the mass media of Communication are the aiding sources for the acceptance of education for progress.

Link of problem:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeEesy1zDKkdIxQGGC7txAmDsdxYBasa_sBILUXrPFXHwpgfQ/viewform?usp=pp_url